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Twin family data can cast light on the longstanding problem about the influences of genes and environment on the etiology of left-handedness.Therefore, hand preference was assessed in 1700 adolescent twin pairs and their parents. Left-handedness (LH) appeared not significantly enhanced among twins compared to the general population. In addition the following observations were made: (1) Significant...
The effects of closed head injury (CHI) severity (mild vs. severe) and age at injury were analyzed in a longitudinal study (3, 12 months postinjury) of semantic memory which used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to characterize focal brain lesions. Semantic memory was evaluated by word and category fluency, semantic verification, semantic clustering in word list recall, and vocabulary. Episodic memory...
Word form representations in intact cerebral hemispheres were studied by a lateralized perceptual identification priming task. During the study phase, word forms were primed by displaying words visually in uppercase or lowercase letters. During the test phase, perceptual identification of non-studied baseline words and studied words (presented in same or different lettercase as studied) was tested...
Two experiments address the question of whether different auditory verbal tasks produce correlated asymmetries. The first shows that ear asymmetries from dichotic word and syllable tasks do in fact correlate, but not to asymmetry from a visual face processing task. The second replicates the correlation between word and syllable asymmetries and shows that this significant relationship does not extend...
Autonomic and recognition indices were examined in six amnesic subjects of mixed aetiology and six control subjects matched with respect to age, education and intelligence. The key objectives of this study were: (a) assess amnesics level of recognition and autonomic discrimination for recently shown words compared with controls; (b) determine if amnesics' level of autonomic discrimination was preserved...
Williams syndrome (WS) is a rare genetic condition characterised by intellectual disability, typical facial dysmorphology and several medical anomalies. A specific neuropsychological profile with a dissociation between language (relatively preserved) and visuo-spatial abilities (more seriously impaired) has been hypothesised in these children. Memory abilities of these patients have not been adequately...
A recent study by Slaghuis, Lovegrove and Davidson (1994) found that visual and language processing differences were concurrent in a group of preadolescent dyslexics. In the present study, two experiments are reported that investigate the concurrence and continuity of visual and language processing differences in groups of young and adult dyslexics on a measure of visual processing and a measure of...
The birth of scientific neuropsychology is traditionally considered to have taken place during the 19th century when disturbances or losses of specific mental functions were systematically correlated with post-mortem findings of localized cerebral pathology. Attempts at localizing psychic functions were of course made earlier, but they were usually not based on scientific observations with one notable...
Pairs of red and green digits were flashed in the opposite visual fields of L.B., a man with complete forebrain commissurotomy. He was highly accurate in naming both digits, the green ones alone, or the red ones alone, regardless of field. In contrast, he was relatively poor at naming the colors of the digits in the left visual field, and in comparing colors between fields. This dissociation suggests...
We report a patient, MT, who presented a specific, though not isolated, deficit in written calculation. Despite a preserved knowledge of simple arithmetic — single-digit addition and subtraction — he failed systematically in multi-digit subtraction. The nature of errors was consistent across problems and reflected the application of a disturbed underlying algorithm. Moreover, the pattern pf error...
The Squire and Zola-Morgan parallel organization model of the memory and the Tulving hierarchical model were developed mainly through the study of amnesic patients. The predictions of these two models are different, the first being more open to double dissociations and less restrictive than the second. Alzheimer's Disease is characterized by a differential impairment of the memory systems and by an...
Saccadic eye movements during reading were examined as a function of the side of visual field cut and the impairment of visual contrast sensitivity. Five patients with various visual field defects were compared to five age-matched controls. Patients with right visual field defect showed an increase in the number of rightward saccades and a decrease in their amplitude, and patients with left visual...
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